Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
associated with the incidence of changes in intestinal health. Cigarette smoking, as one of …

Abstract β-Adrenoceptors are broadly distributed in various tissues of the body. Stress
hormones regulate a panel of important physiological functions and disease states including …

Smoking and chronic stress are well-documented risk factors that are associated with β-
adrenoceptors in the development of pancreatic cancer. Stimulation of β-adrenoceptors can …

Cigarette smoking is a putative environmental risk factor for colon cancer. Nicotine, an active
alkaloid in tobacco, has been implicated in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we …

Research and development of new drugs requires both long time and high costs, whereas
safety and tolerability profiles make the success rate of approval very low. Drug repurposing …

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cyclooxygenase
(COX) and its derived prostanoids, mainly including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane …

Cigarette smoking has been implicated in colon cancer. Nicotine is a major alkaloid in
cigarette smoke. In the present study, we showed that nicotine stimulated HT-29 cell …

Purpose In this review, we aimed to present and discuss the available preclinical and
epidemiological evidences regarding the modulation of cancer cell proliferation by β …

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the leading type of lung cancer in smokers and non-
smokers that arises in most cases from small airway epithelial cells. PAC has a high …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the leading causes of cancer deaths
and is unresponsive to existing therapy. Smoking and alcohol-induced pancreatitis are …