Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

Antioxidant supplementation, including vitamin E and C supplementation, has recently
received recognition among athletes as a possible method for enhancing athletic …

Exercise stimulates the release of proteins with autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine functions
produced in skeletal muscle, termed myokines. Based on the current state of knowledge, the …

Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize
exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving …

Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide,
hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may …

A popular belief is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
produced during exercise by the mitochondria and other subcellular compartments …

Key points Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) regulate exercise‐induced
nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NFE2L2) expression in skeletal muscle. NFE2L2 …

The primary aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the effects of acute
exercise and regular exercise on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity and …

Key points Recent studies have indicated that antioxidant supplementation may blunt
adaptations to exercise, such as mitochondrial biogenesis induced by endurance training …

Impaired mitochondrial function often results in excessive production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and is involved in the etiology of many chronic diseases, including …