Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for the activity of redox‐active enzymes
involved in critical metabolic reactions, signaling pathways, and biological functions …

Copper-transporting ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are evolutionarily
conserved polytopic membrane proteins with essential roles in human physiology. The Cu …

Metal ions, especially with high chemical activity (eg redox-active Cu and Fe) must be
carefully managed in biological systems. The “uncontrolled” activity, eg catalysis of Fenton …

Copper is essential for human health and copper imbalance is a key factor in the aetiology
and pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. The copper-transporting P-type …

The trace metal copper is essential for a variety of biological processes, but extremely toxic
when present in excessive amounts. Therefore, concentrations of this metal in the body are …

This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion
of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical …

The recycling of membrane proteins from endosomes to the cell surface is vital for cell
signaling and survival. Retriever, a trimeric complex of vacuolar protein-sorting-associated …

The transition metal copper is an essential trace element for both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes. However, intracellular free copper has to be strictly limited due to its toxic side …

In mammals, dosage compensation ensures equal X-chromosome expression between
males (XY) and females (XX) by transcriptionally silencing one X chromosome in XX …

The essential trace metals iron, zinc, and copper play important roles both in retinal
physiology and disease. They are involved in various retinal functions such as …