Throughout our lifespan, new sensory experiences and learning continually shape our
neuronal circuits to form new memories. Plasticity at the level of synapses has been …

BACKGROUND Myelin, produced by oligodendrocytes, supports the rapid and
synchronized transfer of information across the central nervous system (CNS). Earlier views …

Myelination speeds conduction of the nerve impulse, enhancing cognitive power. Changes
of white matter structure contribute to learning, and are often assumed to reflect an altered …

Studies of activity-driven nervous system plasticity have primarily focused on the gray matter.
However, MRI-based imaging studies have shown that white matter, primarily composed of …

White matter is the brain region underlying the gray matter cortex, composed of neuronal
fibers coated with electrical insulation called myelin. Previously of interest in demyelinating …

CNS axons differ in diameter (d) by nearly 100-fold (∼ 0.1–10 μm); therefore, they differ in
cross-sectional area (d 2) and volume by nearly 10,000-fold. If, as found for optic nerve …

Timely delivery of information is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system.
Precise regulation of nerve conduction velocity is needed for correct exertion of motor skills …

OBJECTIVE: Myelination of the human brain results in roughly quadratic trajectories of
myelin content and integrity, reaching a maximum in mid-life and then declining in older age …

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuron cultures have emerged as models of
electrical activity in the human brain. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) measure changes in the …

Introduction: The ventrolateral (VL) nucleus of the thalamus is the commonly chosen target
for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to alleviate tremor. However, it has a poor efficacy in …