Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Therapeutic reinvigoration of tumor-specific T cells has greatly improved clinical outcome in
cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not achieve durable benefit. Recent evidence …

Chemokines are proteins which induce chemotaxis, promote differentiation of immune cells,
and cause tissue extravasation. Given these properties, their role in anti-tumor immune …

The concept that progression of cancer is regulated by interactions of cancer cells with their
microenvironment was postulated by Stephen Paget over a century ago. Contemporary …

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are
able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different …

Simple Summary Over the past decade, cell-based immunotherapy has become a powerful
strategy in solid cancer therapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a group of …

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are
recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and …

Inhibitory properties of PD-1 receptor engagement on activated T cells are well established
in physiologic and pathological contexts. In cancer, the use of checkpoint blockade, such as …

Abstract Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is widely expressed in tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes (TILs) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). As a dominant inhibitory …

PD-1–PD-L1 interaction is known to drive T cell dysfunction, which can be blocked by anti-
PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. However, studies have also shown that the function of the PD-1–PD …