Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Although the actual process of
metastasis remains largely elusive, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been …

EMT and MET comprise the processes by which cells transit between epithelial and
mesenchymal states, and they play integral roles in both normal development and cancer …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition is an indispensable mechanism during morphogenesis,
as without mesenchymal cells, tissues and organs will never be formed. However, epithelial …

Recent clinical results for PD-1 blockade therapy have demonstrated durable tumor control
with minimal immune-related adverse effects. PD-L1 is induced in non-lymphoid tissue cells …

The small regulatory RNA microRNA-21 (miR-21) plays a crucial role in a plethora of
biological functions and diseases including development, cancer, cardiovascular diseases …

Epithelial cancers make up the vast majority of cancer types and, during the transition from
benign adenoma to malignant carcinoma and metastasis, epithelial tumor cells acquire a de …

The phenotypic changes of increased motility and invasiveness of cancer cells are
reminiscent of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs during embryonic …

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process governing
morphogenesis in multicellular organisms. This process is also reactivated in a variety of …

Abstract AKT/PKB (protein kinase B) kinases mediate signaling pathways downstream of
activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. AKT kinases regulate diverse …