Background Disease populations, clinical practice, and healthcare systems are constantly
evolving. This can result in clinical prediction models quickly becoming outdated and less …

Clinical prediction models (CPMs) have become fundamental for risk stratification across
healthcare. The CPM pipeline (development, validation, deployment, and impact …

Background—This article presents an update of the results achieved by modern surgery in
congenital heart defects (CHDs) over the past 40 years regarding survival and the need for …

Background The number of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasing
worldwide and most of them will require cardiac surgery, once or more, during their lifetime …

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database is the largest
congenital and pediatric cardiac surgical clinical data registry in the world. It is the platform …

Background Operational research (OR) is the discipline of using models, either quantitative
or qualitative, to aid decision-making in complex implementation problems. The methods of …

Quality of care is of increasing importance in health and surgical care. In order to maintain
and improve quality, we must be able to measure it and identify variation. In this narrative …

Background Partial Risk Adjustment in Surgery (PRAiS), a risk model for 30-day mortality
after children's heart surgery, has been used by the UK National Congenital Heart Disease …

Mortality rates are increasingly used to compare the performance of hospitals and of units
within hospitals. Different approaches have been taken to develop 'standardized'measures …

Introduction Major surgery accounts for a substantial proportion of health service activity,
due not only to the primary procedure, but the longer-term health implications of poor short …