Diagnostic classification tests are designed to assess examinees' discrete mastery status on
a set of skills or attributes. Such tests have gained increasing attention in educational and …

Educational measurement assigns numbers to individuals based on observed data to
represent individuals' educational properties such as abilities, aptitudes, achievements …

Latent class models have wide applications in social and biological sciences. In many
applications, prespecified restrictions are imposed on the parameter space of latent class …

Restricted latent class models (RLCMs) have recently gained prominence in educational
assessment, psychiatric evaluation, and medical diagnosis. In contrast to conventional latent …

Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) are a family of psychometric models designed to
provide categorical classifications for multiple latent attributes. CDMs provide more granular …

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are an important psychometric framework for classifying
students in terms of attribute and/or skill mastery. The QQ matrix, which specifies the …

Latent factor models are widely used to measure unobserved latent traits in social and
behavioral sciences, including psychology, education, and marketing. When used in a …

In cognitive diagnostic assessment, multiple fine-grained attributes are measured
simultaneously. Attribute hierarchies are considered important structural features of …

This paper establishes fundamental results for statistical analysis based on diagnostic
classification models (DCMs). The results are developed at a high level of generality and are …

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) are widely used for providing fine-grained
classification of a multidimensional collection of discrete attributes. The application of DCMs …