The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades
that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their …

Lettuce is one of the most popular leafy vegetables produced in controlled environments
with artificial lighting (CEALs). Optimal control of environmental conditions can be used to …

Light-emitting diode (LED) technology has rapidly advanced the past years and it is
nowadays irrevocably linked with controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). We provide …

Most leafy vegetables can accumulate large amounts of nitrate, which are often associated
with harmful effects on human health. Nitrate assimilation in plants is determined by various …

The growing demands for food with high quality standards and high nutritional value have
caused agriculture to evolve towards agricultural innovation go hand in hand with …

Plant production in urban areas is receiving much attention due to its potential role in
feeding the rapidly growing population of city dwellers. However, higher energy demands in …

White (W) light-emitting diode (LED) light has been used as an efficient light source for
commercial plant cultivation in vertical farming. This study aimed to examine the effect of W …

Tomato fruit possess high lycopene concentrations, which increases after reaching the
breaker stage of ripeness. Light emitting diode (LED) systems have emerged as a clean and …

At present, trends exist in the production of food for the benefit of human health. The
negative effect of an excessive intake of nitrates accumulated in vegetables is well known …

Lettuce microgreens are one of the most popular vegetables due to them being perceived as
a “healthy food”, with high concentrations of nutrients, beneficial vitamins, and minerals. With …