Insulin plays a range of roles as an anabolic hormone in peripheral tissues. It regulates
glucose metabolism, stimulates glucose transport into cells and suppresses hepatic glucose …

Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative
pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and …

Insulin signalling in the central nervous system regulates energy homeostasis by controlling
metabolism in several organs and by coordinating organ crosstalk. Studies performed in …

Although the brain has been considered an insulin-insensitive organ, recent reports on the
location of insulin and its receptors in the brain have introduced new ways of considering …

Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal
boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by …

Metabolic dysfunction is a well-established feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), evidenced
by brain glucose hypometabolism that can be observed potentially decades prior to the …

Insulin performs unique functions within the CNS. Produced nearly exclusively by the
pancreas, insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB) using a saturable transporter …

Insulin receptors (IRs) and insulin signaling proteins are widely distributed throughout the
central nervous system (CNS). To study the physiological role of insulin signaling in the …

Insulin activates insulin receptors (InsRs) in the hypothalamus to signal satiety after a meal.
However, the rising incidence of obesity, which results in chronically elevated insulin levels …

Brain ischemia and reperfusion engage multiple independently-fatal terminal pathways
involving loss of membrane integrity in partitioning ions, progressive proteolysis, and …