Exosomes are endosome-derived microvesicles that carry cell-specific biological cargo,
such as proteins, lipids, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). They play a key role in bone …

Simple Summary Solid tumors such as prostate, breast, and lung cancers frequently spread
to bone, causing severe pain, disability, and cancer-related deaths. The multiple types of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer–enclosed vesicles that mediate vital
cellular communication by transferring cargo between cells. Among these, tissue-derived …

Bone is a preferred metastatic site of prostate cancer (PCa), and most patients with PCa
metastases develop osteogenic bone metastasis, which manifests as disturbed bone …

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of three-dimensional spinal
disorder in adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 years of age, most commonly …

Aberrant osteoclast formation and activation are the hallmarks of osteolytic metastasis.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released from bone metastatic tumor cells, play a pivotal role in …

Bone metastasis is commonly seen in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung
cancer. Tumor-intrinsic factors and the tumor microenvironment cooperate to affect the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess regenerative properties and are also considered as
future vaccines. All types of cells secrete EVs; however, the amount of EVs secreted by the …

Background The lack of disease modifying drugs in Osteoarthritis (OA) may be attributed to
the difficulty in robust response based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) linked to drug …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate network that influences cancer
progression, comprising cancer cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular …