A review and critique of present‐day kinetic theory models of planetary exospheres is
presented. Models of ionized exospheres, specifically the solar and the terrestrial polar …

Venus' atmosphere has a rich chemistry involving interactions among sulfur, chlorine,
nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen radicals. The chemical regimes in the atmosphere range …

A one-dimensional photochemical-dynamic model is used to study hydrodynamic loss of
hydrogen from a primitive, water-rich atmosphere on Venus. The escape flux is calculated as …

The photochemistry of the stratosphere of Venus was modeled using an updated and
expanded chemical scheme, combined with the results of recent observations and …

Information about the nature of the UV absorbing agents in Venus' atmosphere has been
obtained from a comparison of model predictions with a variety of photometric data obtained …

The altitude distribution of the hot oxygen density was calculated for the upper atmospheres
of Venus and Mars for solar cycle maximum and minimum conditions, respectively. The …

Venus has been more frequently studied by space missions than any other planet.
Consequently, we know more about the solar wind interaction with Venus than with any …

Spacecraft study of the Solar system is one of humanity's most outstanding achievements.
Thanks to this study, our present knowledge of properties of and conditions on the planets …

The energy distribution of “hot” oxygen atoms in the upper atmosphere of Venus was
calculated using two different numerical methods. The two different approaches were based …

Venus is totally covered by clouds, up to 60 km in vertical extent. The photochemistry that
creates the cloud aerosols grades into thermal chemistry that is dominant below the upper …