This study reviews the common practices and procedures conducted to identify the cost
drivers that the past literature has classified into two main categories: qualitative and …

The analysis of time series and images is significant across different fields due to their
widespread applications. In the past few decades, many approaches have been developed …

Time series attracts much attention for its remarkable forecasting potential. This paper
discusses how fuzzy logic improves accuracy when forecasting time series using visibility …

Recently, attention mechanism has become a hot research topic. Its ability to assign global
dependencies from input to output makes it widely used. Meanwhile, although there are …

Estimating construction costs and predicting price escalation are major steps for project
owners, estimators, and contractors. The construction costs are always subject to …

Accurate prediction of material costs is essential for proper management and budgeting of
construction projects. Material price fluctuation is one of the most important contributors to …

Accurate cost forecasting in budget planning and contract bidding is crucial for the success
of construction projects. Linear models such as the autoregressive integrated moving …

Recently network-based method for forecasting time series has become a hot research
topic. Although some proposed network-based methods achieve good performance in …

The construction cost index (CCI), which has been published monthly in the United States by
Engineering News-Record (ENR), is subject to significant variations. These variations are …

The highway construction cost index (HCCI) is a composite indicator that reflects the price
trend of the highway construction industry. Most available indexes exhibit significant …