Breathing occurs without thought but is controlled by a complex neural network with a final
output of phrenic motor neurons activating diaphragm muscle fibers (ie, motor units). This …

Symmorphosis is a concept of economy of biological design, whereby structural properties
are matched to functional demands. According to symmorphosis, biological structures are …

Spinal injury disrupts connections between the brain and spinal cord, causing life-long
paralysis. Most spinal injuries are incomplete, leaving spared neural pathways to motor …

Dysfunctional breathing is the main cause of morbidity and mortality after traumatic injury of
the cervical spinal cord, and often necessitates assisted ventilation, thus stressing the need …

AC 2 cervical spinal cord hemisection (SH) interrupts descending inspiratory-related drive to
phrenic motoneurons located between C 3 and C 5 in rats, paralyzing the ipsilateral …

Rationale: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease
causing paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Strategies to preserve and/or restore …

Axonal transport deficits have been reported in many neurodegenerative conditions and are
widely assumed to be an immediate causative step of axon and synapse loss. By imaging …

The mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ) comprises a presynaptic terminal, a
postsynaptic receptor region on the muscle fiber (endplate), and the perisynaptic (terminal) …

Respiratory dysfunction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality following traumatic
spinal cord injury (SCI). Injuries targeting mid-cervical spinal cord regions affect the phrenic …

Background Congregate settings may serve as institutional amplifiers of tuberculosis (TB)
and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We analyze spatial, epidemiological, and …