The breeding of forest trees is only a few decades old, and is a much more complicated,
longer, and expensive endeavor than the breeding of agricultural crops. One breeding cycle …

Forest ecosystems provide important ecological services and resources, from habitat for
biodiversity to the production of environmentally friendly products, and play a key role in the …

European forests are threatened by increasing numbers of invasive pests and pathogens.
Over the past century, Lecanosticta acicola, a foliar pathogen predominantly of Pinus spp …

We studied the genetic differentiation, structure, and diversity of Scots pine populations in
Lithuania based on nuclear, chloroplast microsatellite, and mitochondrial DNA markers. We …

Pines are some of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in the
world, and many have enormous natural distributions or have been extensively planted …

Scots pine is the foundation species of diverse forested ecosystems across Eurasia and
displays remarkable ecological breadth, occurring in environments ranging from temperate …

The effect of past environmental changes on the demography and genetic diversity of
natural populations remains a contentious issue and has rarely been investigated across …

Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) is the most widespread coniferous tree in the boreal forests of
Eurasia, with major economic and ecological importance. However, its large and repetitive …

In boreal forests, autumn frost tolerance in seedlings is a critical fitness component because
it determines survival rates during regeneration. To understand the forces that drive local …

Plant species that grow across environmental gradients show a range of trait expression, but
traits do not vary independently. In fact, phenotypes are integrated expressions of multiple …