With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), new, high-throughput serial
crystallography techniques for macromolecular structure determination have emerged …

A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

INTRODUCTION Retinal is a light-sensitive protein ligand that is used by all domains of life
to process the information and energy content of light. Retinal-binding proteins are integral …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Infrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their
perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to …

Historically, room-temperature structure determination was succeeded by cryo-
crystallography to mitigate radiation damage. Here, we demonstrate that serial millisecond …

CrystFEL is a suite of programs for processing data fromserial crystallography'experiments,
which are usually performed using X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) but also increasingly …

To advance microfluidic integration, we present the use of two-photon additive
manufacturing to fold 2D channel layouts into compact free-form 3D fluidic circuits with …

The development and application of the free-electron X-ray laser (XFEL) to structure and
dynamics in biology since its inception in 2009 are reviewed. The research opportunities …

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a light-driven proton pump. The primary photochemical event
upon light absorption is isomerization of the retinal chromophore. Here we used time …