Decades of research has identified the brain areas that are involved in fear, fear extinction,
anxiety and related defensive behaviours. Newly developed genetic and viral tools …

We review recent work on the role of intrinsic amygdala networks in the regulation of
classically conditioned defensive behaviors, commonly known as conditioned fear. These …

Learning is mediated by experience-dependent plasticity in neuronal circuits. Activity in
neuronal circuits is tightly regulated by different subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, yet their …

Associative memory formation is essential for an animal's survival by ensuring adaptive
behavioral responses in an ever-changing environment. This is particularly important under …

The last 10 years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the
acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from …

Classical fear conditioning is a powerful behavioral paradigm that is widely used to study the
neuronal substrates of learning and memory. Previous studies have clearly identified the …

The brain comprises an excitatory/inhibitory neuronal network that maintains a finely tuned
balance of activity critical for normal functioning. Excitatory activity in the basolateral …

The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as
increased anxiety and depression are now well established, although the specific …

The amygdala is a temporal lobe structure that is the center of emotion processing in the
mammalian brain. Recent interest in the amygdala arises from its role in processing fear and …

Neuronal synchrony in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for emotional behavior.
Coordinated theta-frequency oscillations between the BLA and the hippocampus and …