Electron acceleration to non-thermal, ultra-relativistic energies (∼ 10–100 TeV) is revealed
by radio and X-ray observations of shocks in young supernova remnants (SNRs). The …

Simulations and observations of collisionless shocks have shown that deviations of the
nominal local shock normal orientation, that is, surface waves or ripples, are expected to …

Shock waves exist throughout the Universe and are fundamental to understanding the
nature of collisionless plasmas. Reformation is a process, driven by microphysics, which …

Shock waves are associated with multiple powerful coherent radio emissions within the
heliosphere and local interstellar medium. The radio emissions definitely driven by shocks …

Supercritical collisionless perpendicular shocks have an average macrostructure
determined primarily by the dynamics of ions specularly reflected at the magnetic ramp …

ABSTRACT Voyager 2 (V2) observed multiple crossings of the heliospheric termination
shock (TS) on 2007 August 31–September 1 at a distance of 84 AU from the Sun. Here, for …

Collisionless shocks undergo structural changes with the increase of Mach number.
Observations and numerical simulations indicate development of time-dependent rippling. It …

Context. Solar Orbiter is a European Space Agency mission with a suite of in situ and remote
sensing instruments to investigate the physical processes across the inner heliosphere …

Large-scale two-dimensional (2D) full particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are carried out for
studying the relationship between the dynamics of a perpendicular shock and …

Proper determination of the shock normal is necessary for reliable determination of
observed heliospheric shock parameters and comparison of observations with theory. The …