Cancer is a prominent cause of death globally. Currently, many drugs that are in clinical
practice are having a high prevalence of side effect and multidrug resistance. Risk of tumors …

ABC transporters catalyze transport reactions, such as the high-affinity uptake of
micronutrients into bacteria and the export of cytotoxic compounds from mammalian cells …

Tumour heterogeneity remains a major challenge in cancer therapy owing to the different
susceptibility of cells to chemotherapy within a solid tumour. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …

P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance protein (MDR1) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
binding cassette transporter (ABCB1) best known for being an obstacle to successful …

Systemic absorption and metabolism of drugs in the small intestine, metabolism by the liver
as well as excretion by the kidney are key determinants of efficacy and safety for therapeutic …

ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that protects tissues against
xenobiotics, affects the pharmacokinetics of drugs and contributes to multidrug resistance …

INTRODUCTION Mitochondria provide cells with energy and numerous essential
metabolites such as lipids, amino acids, iron sulfur clusters, and heme. All mitochondrial …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent one of the largest and oldest families of
membrane proteins in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans, which couple the energy …

Kidney toxicity is one of the most frequent adverse events reported during drug
development. The lack of accurate predictive cell culture models and the unreliability of …