Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides,
including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate …

ABSTRACT Introduction Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major signaling
hub in cardiac physiology. Although cAMP signaling has been extensively studied in cardiac …

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is defined as increased myocardial stiffness and impaired
diastolic relaxation leading to elevated ventricular filling pressures. Human variants in …

The ability to fight or flee from a threat relies on an acute adrenergic surge that augments
cardiac output, which is dependent on increased cardiac contractility and heart rate. This …

The rate of calcium cycling and calcium transient amplitude are critical determinants for the
efficient contraction and relaxation of the heart. Calcium-handling proteins in the cardiac …

Abstract Aims Interleukin 11 (IL11) was initially thought important for platelet production,
which led to recombinant IL11 being developed as a drug to treat thrombocytopenia. IL11 …

In the last 30 years, the field of cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signalling
has witnessed a transformative development with the realization that cAMP is …

Adrenergic modulation of voltage gated Ca 2+ currents is a context specific process. In the
heart Ca v 1.2 channels initiate excitation–contraction coupling. This requires PKA …

L-type CaV1. 2 current (ICa, L) links electrical excitation to contraction in cardiac myocytes.
ICa, L is tightly regulated to control cardiac output. Rad is a Ras-related, monomeric protein …

The slow delayed rectifier potassium current, I Ks, conducted through pore-forming Q1 and
auxiliary E1 ion channel complexes is important for human cardiac action potential …