Patients with heart failure (HF) are hospitalized over a million times annually in the United
States. Hospitalization marks a fundamental change in the natural history of HF, leading to …

Background Readmission after heart failure (HF) hospitalization is an increasing focus for
physicians and policy makers, but statistical models are needed to assess patient risk and to …

Background More than 30% of patients hospitalized for heart failure are rehospitalized or die
within 90 days of discharge. Lower health literacy is associated with mortality among …

Background and Objectives Acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with a poor prognosis
and it requires repeated hospitalizations. However, there are few studies on the …

Background: Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with worse health
outcomes, yet its relationship with in-hospital heart failure (HF) outcomes and quality metrics …

African Americans are disproportionately affected by heart failure, with a high prevalence at
an early age. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease are all common in …

Importance The prevalence of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is greater in
individuals of African ancestry than in individuals of European ancestry. However, little is …

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether racial and ethnic differences exist
among patients with similar access to care. We examined outcomes after heart failure …

Purpose...... 427 2 Pathways to Competence...... 427 2.1 Formal Training...... 427 2.2 ABIM
Certification...... 430 2.3 Alternative Pathways...... 430 2.3. 1 Pediatric Advanced HF and …

Background Classification of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is based on
subjective criteria that crudely capture disease heterogeneity. Improved phenotyping of the …