The relationship and the mutual benefits of timekeeping and Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) are reviewed, showing how each field has been enriched and will continue …

Optical clocks are not only powerful tools for prime fundamental research, but are also
deemed for the redefinition of the SI base unit “second,” as they now surpass the …

Abstract Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) has considerably changed in recent years. The
evolution of UTC follows the scientific and industrial progress by developing appropriate …

Some 50 years ago, physicists, and after them the entire world, started to found their time
reference on atomic properties instead of motions of the Earth that have been in use since …

The timescales incorporated into the Primary Frequency Standard (PFS) exhibit excellent
stability and accuracy. However, during the dead time of PFS, the reliability of the timescale …

A local time scale can be generated by steering flywheel clocks with state-of-the-art optical
lattice clocks. This paper presents our simulations about the influence of the optical lattice …

The Time Department of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is
responsible for maintaining and disseminating the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the …

In this paper we present a new weighting algorithm for the generation of Coordinated
Universal Time (UTC). The new weighting procedure is based on the idea that the best …

An atomic time scale is a method for marking events and the passage of time by using
atomic frequency standards. Thanks to the superior performance of atomic clocks based on …

Nous présentons les échelles de temps élaborées par le Bureau international des poids et
mesures (BIPM) et évaluons leurs performances présentes. Nous discutons la transition en …