Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

The Pliocene climate is globally warm and characterised by high atmospheric carbon
dioxide concentrations, yet the terrestrial and marine scientific communities have gathered …

Abstract The Pliocene Epoch (∼ 5.3–2.6 million years ago, Ma) was characterized by a
warmer than present climate with smaller Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and offers an …

Large national programs in the United States and several Asian countries have defined and
characterised their marine methane hydrate occurrences in some detail, but European …

The evolution of the Northern Hemisphere oceanic gateways has facilitated ocean
circulation changes and may have influenced climatic variations in the Cenozoic time (66 …

Arctic sea ice coverage is shrinking in response to global climate change and summer ice-
free conditions in the Arctic Ocean are predicted by the end of the century. The validity of this …

Charcoal remains and bulk lignites collected from the late Pliocene Jinsuo Basin in Yunnan,
southwestern China, have been studied to reveal changes in the wildfire regime related to …

Methane expulsion from the world ocean floor is a broadly observed phenomenon known to
be episodic. Yet the processes that modulate seepage remain elusive. In the Arctic offshore …

Abstract The Pliocene Epoch (5.2 to 2.58 Ma) has often been targeted to investigate the
nature of warm climates. However, climate records for the Pliocene exhibit significant …

At the largest time and space scales, the pace of erosion and chemical weathering is
determined by tectonic uplift rates. Deviations from equilibrium arise from the transient …