Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Overweight and obesity
are strongly associated with comorbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance …

The cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and obesity are typically characterized by a state of
metabolic insulin resistance. As global and US rates of obesity increase there is an …

Dr Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s advocating that
hypertension is the result of many factors that interact to raise blood pressure and cause end …

Background Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists are the recommended medical
therapy for primary aldosteronism. Whether this recommendation effectively reduces …

Although systemic hypertension affects a large proportion of the population, its etiology
remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence supports the concept that immune cells become …

Arterial stiffness progressively increases with aging and is an independent predictor of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Evidence supports that there are sex differences in the …

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in the heart and vessels leads to pathological
effects, such as excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, oxidative stress, and sustained …

Diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality is predominantly due to complications of the
disease that may cause debilitating conditions, such as heart and renal failure, hepatic …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, and its prevalence is
increasing. The ultimate therapeutic option for CKD is kidney transplantation. However, the …

Obese and diabetic individuals are at increased risk for impairments in diastolic relaxation
and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The impairments in diastolic relaxation are …