The innate immune system is increasingly appreciated to play an important role in the
mediation of chronic pain, and one molecule implicated in this process is the Toll-like …

DOMINANT alleles at the agouti locus (A) cause an obesity syndrome in the mouse, as a
consequence of ectopic expression of the agouti peptide1–6. This peptide, normally only …

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. However, few
animal models of cytokine-induced depression well characterized regarding its response to …

Arousal and anxiety are behavioral responses that involve complex neurocircuitries and
multiple neurochemical components. Here, we report that a neuropeptide, neuropeptide S …

Sex specificity of neural mechanisms modulating nociceptive information has been
demonstrated in rodents, and these qualitative sex differences appear to be relevant to …

Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are the final common
pathway by which the brain regulates reproduction. GnRH neurons are regulated by an …

β‐Amyloid peptide (Aβ), a 39–43 amino acid peptide, is believed to induce oxidative stress
and inflammation in the brain, which are postulated to play important roles in the …

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a major pathological mediator of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer's
disease (AD). In the brains of AD patients, progressive accumulation of Aβ oligomers and …

Obesity has been associated with cognitive decline, atrophy of brain regions related to
learning and memory, and higher risk of developing dementia. However, the molecular …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with peripheral metabolic disorders. Clinical/
epidemiological data indicate increased risk of diabetes in AD patients. Here, we show that …