Summary In the United States in the xix th and early xx th centuries, there was a substantial
mortality “penalty” to living in urban places. This circumstance was shared with other …

Health trends over much of the past century have been generally, and notably, positive
throughout the world. In several regions, however, life expectancy has declined over the …

I discuss the health transition in the United States, bringing new data to bear on health
indicators and investigating the changing relationship between health, income, and the …

Background: The world is experiencing the biggest wave of urban growth in history. The
association between urbanization and health at the global level, as well as the role of air …

" In this engagingly written work on an important topic, the authors argue, quite convincingly,
that the social and biological determinants and consequences of low birth weight have not …

Purpose While science has researched the impact of air pollution on human health, the
economic dimension of it has been less researched so far. Renewable energy consumption …

The primary emphasis of this paper is on seeking some justification for the worldwide
phenomenon of increasing government involvement in health–care. The disability–adjusted …

This article uses anthropometric and archival data to reassess the standard of living in the
Soviet Union. In the prewar period, the population was small in stature and sensitive to the …

This article documents differences in body size between white, black, and Indian mid-
nineteenth-century American men and investigates the socioeconomic and demographic …

In this paper, we provide a history of the economic impact of mechanical refrigeration in the
United States. We also examine spatial and temporal aspects of market integration …