The vascular system is critical for developmental growth, tissue homeostasis and repair but
also for tumor development. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has recently …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are dimeric transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) family
cytokines that were first described in bone and cartilage formation but have since been …

Rationale: Although many familial cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension exhibit an
autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with the majority having mutations in essential …

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins has a multitude of roles
throughout the body. In embryonic development, BMPs promote endothelial specification …

Apelin is an adipokine that has been identified as an endogenous ligand for the orphan
receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are expressed in a diverse range of tissues with particular …

Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both Apelin and
APJ receptor are widely distributed in various tissues such as heart, brain, limbs, retina and …

Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a type of pulmonary vascular disease due to portal
hypertension that exhibits high morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms driving disease are …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by high blood
pressure in the pulmonary circulation driven by pathological remodeling of distal pulmonary …

APJ is a G protein‐coupled receptor and its endogenous ligand is apelin. Studies have
shown that apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in the body, especially highly expressed …

Tissue Engineering (TE) is a scientific field mainly focused on the development of tissue and
organ substitutes by controlling biological, biophysical and/or biomechanical parameters in …