Spatial patterns of trees are important structural characteristics that can provide insights into
forest dynamics and may be related to the development stages of forests. The spatial …

Mixed beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests are very important to the Hyrcanian region of
Iran because of their high degree of naturalness and as a source of wood production …

Having knowledge on stand structure and application of appropriate silvicultural
interventions based on ecosystem approach and close to nature forest management is …

Investigation on structure and dynamics of natural forest ecosystems is an important issue
for silvicultural decisions. The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics and structure of …

The structural complexity of forest stands is one of the most important characteristics of
natural forests. Changes in the forest stand structure through the development of stands …

Deadwood is commonly known as an essential structural and functional element in forest
communities. Thus it is important to understand its role and natural dynamics to improve the …

This study was carried out to evaluate gap characteristics and gapmakers for different
development stages of an oriental beech forest in northern Iran. Development stages of 1 ha …

Forest stand structural development occurs over time and is commonly studied based on
initial, optimal and decay developmental stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate …

Study of natural stands structure as well as knowledge of developmental stages and
dynamic process in the natural forest stands for applying close to nature silviculture …

Knowledge of the stand condition and the gradual replacement of tree species in different
development stages and phases provide appropriate information related to the close to …