Among dioecious flowering plants, females and males often differ in a range of
morphological, physiological, and life-history traits. This is referred to as sexual dimorphism …

This review reports on the processes associated with costs of reproduction, including some
theoretical considerations, definitions and methodological aspects, followed by a list of the …

This completely revised, fourth edition of Introduction to Plant Population Biology continues
the approach taken by its highly successful predecessors. Ecological and genetic principles …

Wind pollination (anemophily) of angiosperms probably evolved from insect pollination
(entomophily) in response to pollinator limitation and changes in the abiotic environment …

Background The rich literature that characterizes the field of pollination biology has focused
largely on animal-pollinated plants. At least 10% of angiosperms are wind pollinated, and …

On the average, nectar-collecting bumble bees deposited 0.6% of the pollen removed from
the flowers of Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae) onto the stigmas of subsequently visited …

Biological invasions provide opportunities to study evolutionary processes occurring over
contemporary timescales. To explore the speed and repeatability of adaptation, we …

Sex determination systems in plants have evolved many times from hermaphroditic
ancestors (including monoecious plants with separate male and female flowers on the same …

While the majority of flowering plant species are hermaphroditic, gender di morphism, or the
occurrence of two sexual morphs, has, nevertheless, evolved on repeated occasions …

Immobility complicates mating by angiosperms because the transfer of male gametes
between individuals requires pollen vectors. Although abiotic and biotic vectors can …