Determination of analytes at trace levels in complex samples (eg biological or contaminated
water or soils) are often required for the environmental assessment and monitoring as well …

This review aims to provide an overview of homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HLLE)
and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods and their potential use in …

As the drive towards green extraction methods has gained momentum in recent years, it has
not always been possible to eliminate organic solvents completely. However, the volumes …

Single drop microextraction (SDME) has emerged over the last 10–15 years as one of the
simplest and most easily implemented forms of micro-scale sample cleanup and …

A simple, sensitive and powerful on-line sequential injection (SI) dispersive liquid–liquid
microextraction (DLLME) system was developed as an alternative approach for on-line …

This overview deals with the evolution of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques
from their inception in mid-to-late 1990s. We describe and evaluate the most important …

During the past fifteen years since its introduction, single-drop microextraction has
witnessed incessant growth in the range of applications of samples preparation for trace …

A new method was developed for the determination of cadmium in water samples using
ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-based …

Liquid–liquid extractions (LLE) are a common sample pre-treatment in many analytical
applications. This review aims at providing a critical overview of the distinct automated …

Pollution from heavy metals has increased in recent decades and has become an important
concern for environmental agencies. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and lead are …