The ability to construct and maintain a structured multicellular bacterial community depends
critically on the production of extracellular matrix components (1, 2). While the biofilm matrix …

The high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are associated with the
current limited antifungal arsenal and the high toxicity of the compounds. Additionally …

Levan is a fascinating β-(2, 6)-linked fructose polymer with an unusual combination of
properties characterized in this review. In nature, levan is synthesized from sucrose by a …

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential natural biopolymers used in different
areas including biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals and also in …

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

Beneficial rhizobacteria promote plant growth and protect plants against phytopathogens.
Effective colonization on plant roots is critical for the rhizobacteria to exert beneficial …

Biofilm formation is a social behaviour that generates favourable conditions for sustained
survival in the natural environment. For the Gram‐positive bacterium B acillus subtilis the …

Here, we review the multiple mechanisms that the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis
uses to allow it to communicate between cells and establish community structures. The …

The most distinguishing feature of most members of the family Bacillaceae (phylum
Firmicutes) is their ability to form endospores that provide high resistance to heat, radiation …

Microalgal-biofilm-based wastewater treatment refers to a microalgae-dominated biofilm
community in non-axenic systems, in which co-existing bacteria and microbial extracellular …