In force measurement applications, a piezoelectric force sensor is one of the most popular
sensors due to its advantages of low cost, linear response, and high sensitivity. Piezoelectric …

Robot-assisted microsurgery (RAMS) has many benefits compared to traditional
microsurgery. Microsurgical platforms with advanced control strategies, high-quality micro …

Cell injection plays an important role in genetics, transgenics, molecular biology, drug
discovery, reproductive study, and other biomedical fields. Compared with manual cell …

Conventional methods of manipulating individual biological cells have been prevalent in the
field of molecular biology. These methods do not have the ability to provide force feedback …

Cell microinjection is a technique of precise delivery of substances into cells and is widely
used for studying cell transfection, signaling pathways, and organelle functions …

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and calibration of a piezoelectric polymer-based
sensorized microgripper. Electro discharge machining technology is employed to fabricate …

This paper provides a comprehensive review of research efforts in the emerging field of
micro devices assembly (MDA) as well as identifies future directions for research. The …

In micromanipulation, the size of the manipulated object is usually much less than 1 mm in a
single dimension, in which case gravitational and inertial forces are no longer dominant …

The importance of force sensing technologies was recognized in the 1970s. Since then,
multidimensional microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/micro force/moment (F/M) …

Robot-assisted cell microinjection is an important approach to modern biological
applications. Micro-force sensor is a crucial device to facilitate a precise injection of …