Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical buds of the outer membrane filled with
periplasmic content and are commonly produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The production …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In Gram-negative bacteria,
EVs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how EVs escape the …

This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …

Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria …

Iron sequestration by host proteins contributes to the defence against bacterial pathogens,
which need iron for their metabolism and virulence. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Gram‐negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with 10 to 300 nm of
diameter. The contribution of OMVs to bacterial pathogenesis is a topic of great interest, and …

Macrophages are first-line responders against microbes. The success of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) rests upon its ability to convert these antimicrobial cells into a permissive …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that thrives inside host
macrophages. A key trait of M. tuberculosis is to exploit and manipulate metal cation …