Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions,
including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters …

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability
worldwide. Brain injury following stroke results from a complex series of pathophysiological …

Although metastasis remains the cause of most cancer-related mortality, mechanisms
governing seeding in distal tissues are poorly understood. Here, we establish a robust …

Excitotoxicity is a phenomenon that describes the toxic actions of excitatory
neurotransmitters, primarily glutamate, where the exacerbated or prolonged activation of …

Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The
metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their …

Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing
link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead …

The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is the main driver of oxidative
phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), consisting of cristae …

Assessing mitochondrial dysfunction requires definition of the dysfunction to be investigated.
Usually, it is the ability of the mitochondria to make ATP appropriately in response to energy …

Fluorescent probes for monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential are frequently used for
assessing mitochondrial function, particularly in the context of cell fate determination in …

Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is mediated by uncoupling protein 1
(UCP1), which provides a carefully regulated proton re-entry pathway across the …