A sound reproduction system usually consists of several types of loudspeakers to cater to
sophisticated applications. The directivity of a loudspeaker is a measure of its efficiency in …

The quote from Pierre Boulez, given as an epigraph to this article, inspired French
researchers to start developing technology for spherical loudspeaker arrays in the 1990s …

The parametric array loudspeaker (PAL) can realize sharp directivity utilizing the
straightness of ultrasound, but it suffers from low sound quality due to the frequency …

This paper describes a method to construct a movable virtual sound source (VSS) from a
linear array of parametric loudspeakers. In the proposed method, wave field synthesis is …

Due to developments in video technology, the study of three-dimensional sound-field
reproduction has recently gained attention. A virtual-sound-source (VSS) construction …

A steerable parametric loudspeaker array is known for its directivity and narrow beam width.
However, it often suffers from the grating lobes due to periodic array distributions. Here we …

A steerable parametric array loudspeaker (PAL) aims to steer a highly directional audio
beam without the need to mechanically rotate the source. The Gaussian beam expansion …

The parametric acoustic effect has gained much interest in airborne applications as
parametric acoustic loudspeakers (PALs) for the unique characteristics of generating self …

With the development of acoustic simulation methods in recent decades, it has become
feasible to simulate the sound pressure distribution of loudspeakers before actually setting …

Recently, technologies for reproducing a 3-dimensional sound field are required for
providing highly realistic sensations. Therefore, we previously proposed a system with …