Water is a critical resource, but ensuring its availability faces challenges from climate
extremes and human intervention. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical …

Irrigation accounts for~ 70% of global freshwater withdrawals and~ 90% of consumptive
water use, driving myriad Earth system impacts. In this Review, we summarize how irrigation …

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are
transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for …

Population growth, economic development, and dietary changes have drastically increased
the demand for food and water. The resulting expansion of irrigated agriculture into semi …

Water scarcity has become a major issue to sustainable development. It can be estimated by
available fresh water resources and human water withdrawal, which are affected by both …

Water scarcity is a rapidly growing concern around the globe, but little is known about how it
has developed over time. This study provides a first assessment of continuous sub-national …

Endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) basins spatially concur with arid/semi-arid climates.
Given limited precipitation but high potential evaporation, their water storage is vulnerable to …

The availability and use of fresh water are critical for human health and for economic and
ecosystem stability. But the growing mismatch between human demands and natural …

Human behavior is responsible for many of our greatest environmental challenges. The
accumulated effects of many individual and household decisions have major negative …

Mountain areas provide disproportionally high runoff in many parts of the world, but their
importance for water resources and food production has not been clarified from the …