Nanocarbons represented especially by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have
been of great interest during the last two decades, both from a fundamental point of view and …

This review paper focuses on the recent studies of electroactive polymer actuators that have
a triple‐layered configuration composed of an ionic‐gel electrolyte layer sandwiched by …

Soft actuators are devices based on soft materials that can directly transform various
energies into mechanical work by being deformed by an external input signal [1]. Among …

This paper provides a detailed review on applications of ionic electroactive polymer (i-EAP)
soft actuators as active elements of microfluidic micropumps, microvalves, and micromixers …

Future adaptive applications require lightweight and stiff materials with high active strain but
low energy consumption. A suitable combination of these properties is offered by carbon …

In order to get an understanding of the general characteristics of carbon nanotube (CNT)
based actuators, the system response of the actuator was analyzed. Special techniques …

In this paper we present experimental measurements and analytical predictions for the
electro-mechanical behaviour of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) actuators. Carbon nanotube …

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) had been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor
deposition of acetylene over Fe loaded mesoporous silica. The as-grown MWNTs were …

This chapter first shows the basic principles of functional materials that have energy-
converting properties. It derives the basic parameters of functional materials. The idea of two …

Carbon nanotube (CNT) actuators have been extensively investigated from the perspective
of materials, their composition, and system construction as well as from three main …