Addiction has been conceptualized as a disease of learning and memory. Learned
associations between environmental cues and unconditioned rewards induced by drug …

The presence of positron emission tomography (PET) centers at most major hospitals
worldwide, along with the improvement of PET scanner sensitivity and the introduction of …

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of
dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The pathogenesis of PD is associated with several factors …

Natural and drug rewards act on the same neural pathway, the mesolimbic dopaminergic
system. In brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area, drugs …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor. Relapse is
frequent and rapid due to glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that induce tumor initiation …

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) regulate the intracellular dynamics of fatty acids,
mediate lipid metabolism and participate in signaling processes. However, the therapeutic …

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has gained considerable
attention as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Despite its clinical …

Melatonin is a molecule ubiquitous in nature and involved in several physiological functions.
In the brain, melatonin is converted to N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK) …

Nicotine is an addictive compound that interacts with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
(nAChRs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), inducing a release of dopamine in the …

Synucleinopathies are diverse diseases with motor and cognitive dysfunction due to
progressive neuronal loss or demyelination, due to oligodendrocyte loss in the brain. While …