Excitotoxicity is one of the primary mechanisms of cell loss in a variety of diseases of the
central and peripheral nervous systems. Other than the previously established signaling …

Recent advances have revealed common pathological changes in neurodegenerative
diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral …

In the mammalian central nervous system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is
counterbalanced by antioxidant defenses. When large amounts of ROS accumulate …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat
expansion in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. A lot has been learned about this …

Significance: In all cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are physically
connected to form junctions termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). This …

The striatum is composed principally of GABAergic, medium spiny striatal projection neurons
(MSNs) that can be categorized based on their gene expression, electrophysiological …

Deviations in basal Ca 2+ levels interfere with receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signaling as well as
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial function. While defective basal Ca 2+ …

When properly controlled, Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane and between
intracellular compartments play critical roles in fundamental functions of neurons, including …

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD),
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxias …

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that mitochondrial dysfunction and
oxidative damage are major contributors to neuronal loss. Free radicals, typically generated …