Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) can be found in the mRNA of many viruses as well as
in cellular genes involved in the stress response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. IRES-mediated …

The vast majority of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) initiate translation through a
canonical, cap-dependent mechanism requiring a free 5′ end and 5′ cap and several …

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a fundamental gene expression event in
many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. It allows production of essential viral, structural and …

Picornaviruses cause several diseases, not only in humans but also in various animal hosts.
For instance, human enteroviruses can cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina …

Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements were discovered in picornaviruses. These
elements are cis-acting RNA sequences that adopt diverse three-dimensional structures and …

Ribosome recruitment to eukaryotic mRNAs is generally thought to occur by a scanning
mechanism, whereby the 40S ribosomal subunit binds in the vicinity of the 5'cap structure of …

Viruses lack the properties to replicate independently due to the limited resources encoded
in their genome; therefore, they hijack the host cell machinery to replicate and survive …

The majority of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells are translated via a method that is dependent
upon the recognition of, and binding to, the methylguanosine cap at the 5'end of the mRNA …

Translation control of proinflammatory genes has a crucial role in regulating the
inflammatory response and preventing chronic inflammation, including a transition to cancer …

Cytotoxic lymphocytes produce granules armed with a set of 5 serine proteases (granzymes
(Gzms)), which, together with the pore-forming protein (perforin), serve as a major defense …