The process of spermatogenesis is temperature-dependent and occurs optimally at
temperatures slightly lower than that of the body. Adequate thermoregulation is imperative to …

Nanoparticles have shown promise as both drug delivery vehicles and direct antitumor
systems, but they must be properly designed in order to maximize efficacy. Computational …

Piperine and piperidine are the two major alkaloids extracted from black pepper (Piper
nigrum); piperidine is a heterocyclic moiety that has the molecular formula (CH2) 5NH. Over …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are best known for their role as adaptors during translation of the
genetic code. Beyond their canonical role during protein biosynthesis, tRNAs also perform …

In all organisms, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) provide an ancient defense system. These
proteins act as molecular chaperones by assisting proper folding and refolding of misfolded …

Heat shock induced gene expression and other cellular responses help limit the damage
caused by stress and thus facilitate cellular recovery. Cellular damage also triggers …

Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) is a constitutively expressed molecular chaperone
which belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. HSC70 shares some of the …

Heat has been used as a medicinal and healing modality throughout human history. The
combination of hyperthermia (HT) with radiation and anticancer agents has been used …

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a process with typical morphological characteristics
including plasma membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and …