Since the ban of tributyltin in antifouling paints, many alternative biocides have been
introduced to prevent settlement and growth of marine organisms on ship hulls. Zinc …

Diuron is a broad-spectrum herbicide used to control weeds and algae in the agriculture
sector. Diuron as a water pollutant has been detected in various water bodies due to its slow …

Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the
settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released …

This study provides a comprehensive compilation of published toxicological and
environmental data further used to assess the ecological risks of six antifouling biocides …

Abstract SeaNine 211, with 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) being the
biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling …

Antifouling biocides may cause adverse effects on non-target species. This study aims to
determine the distribution, sources, and ecological risks of antifouling biocides in the surface …

A simultaneous monitoring study on organotins (butyltins and phenyltins) and most
frequently used alternative antifouling biocides (Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Sea-Nine 211 and M1) …

Abstract Diuron (N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-N, N‑dimethylurea, DCMU), a ureic herbicide, is
extensively used in agriculture to boost crop productivity; however, its extensive application …

The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid,
Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on …

Unmanaged disposal of wastewater produced by underwater hull cleaning equipment
(WHCE) is suspected to induce toxic effects to marine organisms because wastewater …