Horns, antlers, and other horn‐like structures are products of sexual selection, confer
reproductive advantages, and are heritable and honest indicators of individual quality. In …

Biologists have been fascinated with the extreme products of sexual selection for decades.
However, relatively few studies have characterized patterns of selection acting on …

The size of sexually selected weapons and their performance in battle are both critical to
reproductive success, yet these traits are often in opposition. Bigger weapons make better …

Background: In polygynous species, the development of secondary sexual characters is
usually decisive for male reproductive success. However, our understanding about the links …

Selective hunting can affect demographic characteristics and phenotypic traits of the
targeted species. Hunting systems often involve harvesting quotas based on sex, age and/or …

The analysis of horn growth may provide important information about the allocation of
metabolic resources to secondary sexual traits. Depending on the selective advantages …

In polygynous ungulates, males are often larger than females and bear more
elaborate/larger weapons. Quantifying sexual dimorphism in different traits could provide …

Hunting directly impacts the population dynamics of ungulates and can have a significant
effect on the quality of phenotypic traits such as horns or antlers. In Poland, following a …

Weaponry in ungulates may be costly to grow and maintain, and different selective
pressures in males and females may lead to sex‐biased natural survival. Sexual differences …

Common eland bulls are important game ranching animals in southern Africa, for tourism,
breeding/live sales, trophy hunting, and game meat production. Interest has grown in their …