Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and
developed countries, as lifestyle has changed and its management seems to be vital. Type I …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In
addition to their canonical metabolic actions, mitochondria influence various other aspects of …

Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions.
AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning …

Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose metabolism is vital
for health. Glucose enters the muscle cell via facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose …

Lines of evidence from several studies have shown that increases in life expectancy are now
accompanied by increased disability rate. The expanded lifespan of the aging population …

The search for treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is a major concern in light of
today's aging population and an increasing burden on individuals, families, and society …

Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome, as
are central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and a predisposition to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic …

Exercise is a well-established tool to prevent and combat type 2 diabetes. Exercise improves
whole body metabolic health in people with type 2 diabetes, and adaptations to skeletal …

The function and survival of all organisms is dependent on the dynamic control of energy
metabolism, when energy demand is matched to energy supply. The AMP-activated protein …