The present review classifies and describes the multifactorial causes of anterior cruciate
ligament (ACL) surgery failure, concentrating on preventing and resolving such situations …

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common among athletes. Although the true natural
history remains unclear, anterior cruciate ligament injuries are functionally disabling; they …

Background: Anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) may result from combined anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL) and lateral extra-articular lesions, but the roles of the anterolateral …

Background: Three different techniques of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction—
conventional (transtibial) single bundle (CSB), anatomic single bundle (ASB), and anatomic …

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of two major fiber bundles, namely the
anteromedial and posterolateral bundle. When the knee is extended, the posterolateral …

Revision reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) introduces several diagnostic
and technical challenges in comparison with primary ACL reconstruction. With the …

Anatomy is the foundation of orthopaedic surgery, and the advancing knowledge of the
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anatomy has led to the development of improved modern …

Background The interest in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions
has recently reawakened. Hypothesis The center of the femoral posterolateral (PL) bundle …

Although in vivo studies in small animal model show the ligament regeneration by
implanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and silk scaffold, large animal studies are still …

Failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction presents a difficult clinical challenge.
Successful revision ACL reconstruction depends on identifying the causes of failure and …