Since the 2013 Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of vesicle trafficking, a subgroup
of nanovesicles called exosomes has been driving the research field to a new regime for …

Over the last years, respiratory diseases represent a clinical concern, being included among
the leading causes of death in the world due to the lack of effective lung therapies, mainly …

The pulmonary route has long been used for drug administration for both local and systemic
treatment. It possesses several advantages, which can be categorized into physiological, ie …

There is progressive evolution in the use of inhalable drug delivery systems (DDSs) for lung
cancer therapy. The inhalation route offers many advantages, being non-invasive method of …

A layer of mucus covers the surface of all wet epithelia throughout the human body. Mucus is
a hydrogel mainly composed of water, mucins (glycoproteins), DNA, proteins, lipids, and cell …

Pulmonary drug delivery is relatively complex because the respiratory tract has evolved
defense mechanisms to keep inhaled drug particles out of the lungs and to remove or …

In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an
important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and …

Introduction: Early dry powder inhalers (DPIs) were designed for low drug doses in asthma
and COPD therapy. Nearly all concepts contained carrier-based formulations and lacked …

Biological drugs generated via recombinant techniques are uniquely positioned due to their
high potency and high selectivity of action. The major drawback of this class of therapeutics …

Colloidal drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated as drug carriers for the
application of different drugs via different routes of administration. Systems, such as solid …