The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

The prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy is increasing in parallel with the
worldwide obesity epidemic. Glomerular hypertrophy and adaptive focal segmental …

The steroid hormone aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium homeostasis.
Aldosterone and activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor also causes inflammation and …

RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac. 1) is one of the important members of Rho
GTPases. It is well known that Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulation protein that regulates cell …

Significance: Renal oxidative stress can be a cause, a consequence, or more often a
potentiating factor for hypertension. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney …

Abnormal Rac1 signaling is linked to a number of debilitating human diseases, including
cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. As such, Rac1 …

Dietary salt intake increases blood pressure (BP) but the salt sensitivity of BP differs
between individuals. The interplay of ageing, genetics and environmental factors, including …

Diabetes is the most frequent cause of kidney disease that progresses to end-stage renal
disease worldwide, and diabetic kidney disease is significantly related to unfavorable …

Aging is associated with a high prevalence of hypertension due to elevated susceptibility of
BP to dietary salt, but its mechanism is unknown. Serum levels of Klotho, an anti-aging …

Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney
disease and one of the emerging reasons for end-stage renal disease owing to its dramatic …