Highlights•Forest insect responses to climate change are largely species-specific.•Forest
insect outbreaks are overall increasing under climate change.•Climate acts more directly on …

Extreme wildfire events in recent years are shaking our established knowledge of how fire
regimes respond to climate variables and how societies need to react to fire impacts. Albeit …

Abstract Purpose of Review Fire and insects are major disturbances in North American
forests. We reviewed literature on the effects of fire on bark beetles, defoliators, and …

A central challenge in global change research is the projection of the future behavior of a
system based upon past observations. Tree‐ring data have been used increasingly over the …

Understanding the magnitude and cause of variation in tree growth and forest productivity is
central to sustainable forest management. Measurements of annual growth rings allow …

Forest biological disturbance agents (BDAs) are insects, pathogens, and parasitic plants that
affect tree decline, mortality, and forest ecosystems processes. BDAs are commonly thought …

Forest and grassland ecosystems are sometimes located adjacently within the same climate.
In Interior British Columbia, Canada, there are complex forest–grassland mosaics within the …

The western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman= C. freemani
(Razowski), Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)(WSB) is a recurrent defoliator of Douglas-fir …

Licensees are required to regenerate interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzisii var glauca)
forest gaps greater than 0.1 ha to meet and maintain species distribution across age classes …

Indigenous lands in interior British Columbia (BC), Canada are being impacted by
increasingly large, fast-moving, high-severity wildfires due to climate change and an …