Radiotherapy (RT) is a highly effective anticancer treatment that is delivered to more than
half of all patients with cancer. In addition to the well-documented direct cytotoxic effects, RT …

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) encompasses any lung toxicity induced by radiation
therapy (RT) and manifests acutely as radiation pneumonitis and chronically as radiation …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell
death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and others have shown potent clinical efficacy and have …

In recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has rapidly grown, with
increasing US Food and Drug Administration approvals of a variety of agents used as first …

Immunotherapy that includes programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-
ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors has …

Several inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-
L1) have been approved as a form of immunotherapy for multiple cancers. Ionizing radiation …

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a commonly used procedure in the evaluation of lung
disease as it allows for sampling of the lower respiratory tract. In many circumstances, BAL …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new and promising therapeutic agents for non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, along with demonstrating remarkable efficacy, ICIs can …

In recent decades, technical advances in surgery and radiotherapy, as well as
breakthroughs in the knowledge on cancer biology, have helped to substantially improve the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment over the past
decade. However, although the immune landscape suggests a strong rationale for the use of …