This article reviews the theoretical and the empirical literature on regionalism. The formation
of regional trade agreements has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basic structure of international trade
agreements as they exist in practice, explores theoretically the normative consequences of …

A large and growing number of countries participate in multiple preferential trade
agreements (PTAs), which increasingly entail broad cooperation over policies extending far …

This book explores whether the world economy is breaking up into regional trading and
currency blocs centred on the European Community, Japan and the United States. Frankel …

We propose a unified theoretical framework within which to interpret and evaluate the
foundational principles of GATT. Working within a general equilibrium trade model, we …

World trade is governed by the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor
to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO sets rules of conduct for …

The establishment of a new preferential trade agreement (PTA) or the expansion of an
existing one alters the incentives of non-members to participate in a PTA. This can lead to a …

Once again, regionalism is afoot. Twin late‐1980s announcements, by the United States and
Canada of negotiations for a free‐trade area, and by the EU of an attempt to complete its …

This paper begins by systematically developing the “static” theory of preferential trade areas
(PTAs) and showing that neither a large volume of initial intra-union trade nor geographical …

Preferential trading arrangements are analyzed from the viewpoint of the “new political
economy” that views trade policy as being determined by lobbying of concentrated interest …